Application Adaptive Bandwidth Management Using Real-Time Network Monitoring.

Application adaptive bandwidth management is a strategy for ensuring secure and reliable network operation in the presence of undesirable applications competing for a network’s crucial bandwidth, covert channels of communication via non-standard traffic on well-known ports, and coordinated Denial of Service attacks. The study undertaken here explored the classification, analysis and management of the network traffic on the basis of ports and protocols used, type of applications, traffic direction and flow rates on the East Tennessee State University’s campus-wide network. Bandwidth measurements over a nine-month period indicated bandwidth abuse of less than 0.0001% of total network bandwidth. The conclusion suggests the use of the defense-in-depth approach in conjunction with the KHYATI (Knowledge, Host hardening, Yauld monitoring, Analysis, Tools and Implementation) paradigm to ensure effective information assurance

Estimating the National Impact of the Financial Crisis in Indonesia by Combining a Rapid Qualitative Study with Nationally Representative Surveys

This paper draws on a rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the financial crisis in Indonesia to generate hypotheses about the potential national impacts. we test these hypotheses using nationally representative labor force surveys from before and after the onset of the financial crisis. we find that Indonesia weathered the storm rather well: there is no evidence for increased school dropouts; labor force participation fell, particularly for young workers, whilst unemployment rose for the young, but fell for workers over 25. the changes for female workers were the same as those for male workers and there do not appear to have been any major sectoral shifts in labor. surprisingly, we find that real wages for employees rose significantly during the crisis period, although those in the informal sector did not benefit to the same extent. our results are similar to those from the earlier qualitative study, except that, because it focused on areas harder hit by the crisis, the qualitative study did not observe the significant gains made by employees over the crisis period. jel codes: j30, r23, o53 *corresponding author: [email protected]

Study and Simulation of Quasi and Rotated Quasi Space Time Block Codes in MIMO systems using Dent Channel model

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has become one of the most exciting fields in modern engineering. It is mainly used to increase data rate and capacity of wireless communication system. In this paper, we exploit the space and time diversity to decode the quasi and rotated quasi space time block codes (QOSTBC) based on dent channel model. For Doppler shifting and Rayleigh distribution we make use of dent channel model. This provides fast decoding and gives better performance of communication system.BER analysis is presented in terms of diversity and code rate. KEYWORDS: MIMO, Quasi Orthogonal Space-Time Block codes (QOSTBC), rotated QOSTBC, Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding

Estimating the national impact of the financial crisis in Indonesia by combining a rapid qualitative study with nationally representative surveys

This paper draws on a rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the financial crisis in Indonesia, to generate hypotheses about the potential national impacts. We test these hypotheses using nationally representative labour force surveys from before and after the onset of the financial crisis. We find that Indonesia weathered the storm rather well: there is no evidence for increased school dropout; labour force participation fell, particularly for young workers, whilst unemployment rose for the young, but fell for workers over 25. The changes for female workers were the same as those for male workers and there do not appear to have been any major sectoral shifts in labour. Surprisingly, we find that real wages for employees rose significantly during the crisis period, although those in the informal sector did not benefit to the same extent. Our results are similar to those from the earlier qualitative study, except that, because it focused on areas harder hit by the crisis, the qualitative study did not observe the significant gains made by employees over the crisis period

BER Performance Analysis of MIMO Systems Using Equalization Techniques

The mobile data applications has increased the demand for wireless communication systems offering high throughput, wide coverage, and improved reliability. The main challenges in the design of wireless communication systems are the limited resources, such as constrained transmission power, scarce frequency bandwidth, and limited implementation complexity—and the impairments of the wireless channels, including noise, interference, and fading effects. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication has been shown to be one of the most promising emerging wireless technologies that can efficiently boost the data transmission rate, improve system coverage, and enhance link reliability. By employing multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver sides, MIMO techniques enable a new dimension – the spatial dimension – that can be utilized in different ways to combat the impairments of wireless channels. This article focuses on Equalization techniques, for Rayleigh Flat fading channel. Equalization is a well known technique for combating intersymbol interference; moreover equalization is the filtering approach which minimizes the error between actual output and desired output by continuous updating its filter coefficients. In this paper, different equalization techniques are investigated for the analysis of BER in MIMO Systems. In this article we have discussed different types of equalizer like ZF, MMSE, ZF-SIC, MMSE-SIC, ML and Sphere decoder. The results are decoded using the ZF, MMSE, ZF-SIC, MMSE-SIC, ML and Sphere decoder (SD) technique. The successive interference methods outperform the ZF and MMSE however their complexity is higher due to iterative nature of the algorithms. ML provides the better performance in comparison to others. Sphere decoder provides the best performance and the highest decoding complexity as compare to ML. We can clearly observe that Sphere decoder gives us high performance in comparison to ML, MMSE-SC, ZF-SIC, MMSE and ZF.   Keywords: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK), Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK), Minimum mean-squared error (MMSE), Maximum likelihood (ML),Bit error rate (BER), Independent identical distributed (i.i.d. ), Intersymbol interference (ISI). Successive interference cancellation (SIC), Sphere Decoder (SD), zero Forcing (ZF)

Estimating the impact of the food, fuel and financial crises on Zambian households

This paper combines nationally representative household survey data from Zambia in 2006, with detailed, spatially disaggregated, price data, to simulate the likely welfare impacts of the prices changes arising from the food, fuel and financial crises between 2006 and 2009. We find that urban households, particularly the poorest, were very hard hit by both the rises in food prices in 2008 and in non-food prices in 2009. However, agricultural households in rural areas generally benefited from the food price rises. The key determinant of impact was whether a household is a net producer or a net consumer of food. Our results are robust to a wide range of assumptions about wage changes over the period. However, the poor quality of data on wages and non-farm business income make it impossible to provide a definitive account of welfare changes

Different SRAM Cells Using Low Power Reduction Techniques

With increasing technology, usage of SRAM Cells has been increased to large extent while designing the system on-chips in CMOS technology. Power consumption and the speed are the major factors of concern for designing a chip along with the leakage power. The consumption of power and speed of SRAMs are some important issues among a number of factors that provides a solution which describes multiple designs that minimize the consumption of power and this article is also based on that. This article presents the simulation of 6T, 8T and 9T SRAM cells using low power reduction techniques and develops a modified model that provides the consumer with a product that costs less and having reduced power delay product. All the simulations have been carried out on 90nm at Tanner EDA tool. The entire circuit verification is done using the Tanner tool. Keywords: CMOS Logic, SRAM and VLSI

"Caught by the eye of sound" : epigastric swelling due to xiphisternal tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Common causes of an epigastric mass include hepatomegaly, pancreatic pseudocyst and epigastric hernia, less common causes being carcinoma of the stomach or pancreas, whereas diseases of the sternum presenting as an epigastric swelling is extremely uncommon. We report a case of tubercular infection of the sternum located in the xiphoid process resulting in its presentation as an epigastric swelling. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old immunocompetent woman with complaints of an epigastric swelling and undocumented pyrexia for four months was referred for sonographic evaluation with a clinical suspicion of an incompletely treated liver abscess. The patient was examined with ultrasound, sternal radiographs, CT and MRI. Ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous epigastric collection with linear echogenic components suggestive of bone fragments. These appearances suggested chronic infective osteomyelitis of the xiphoid process of the sternum. Lateral chest radiograph demonstrated lytic destruction of the xiphisternum. Tubercular etiology was considered and further evaluation with Multidetector Computed tomography (MDCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated erosive osteomyelitis of the xiphoid process with enhancing inflammation and collection in the adjoining soft tissue. Ultrasound-guided aspiration, PCR and Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA test confirmed tubercular infection. CONCLUSIONS: We report a new case of osteo-articular tuberculosis localized to the xiphisternum, a rare clinical entity with an extremely unusual clinical presentation as an epigastric mass. The role of ultrasound in primary diagnosis and as an interventional diagnostic modality for guided aspiration is highlighted